Black opals are famous for the patterns which occur, sometimes in spectacular forms. Many different colour patterns are observed as the gemstone is turned or viewed from different angles. Terms such as harlequin, pinfire and flash, describe the unique interplay of colour in an opal.
- Harlequin — A harlequin pattern is made up of a patchwork of irregular-sized squares of colour.
- Pinfire — A pinfire pattern consists of closely spaced pinpoints or specks of colour.
- Flash — A flash pattern shows broad irregular flashes of colour which change or disappear as the stone is rotated.
Many black opals combine various patterns. People often select names of their own to describe unusual ones.
The colour play within a black opal, and the way in which the spectral colours move and interchange, is also important. The colour of an opal is variable, ranging across the visible spectrum from violet to deep red. Opals that flash red, in particular, violet/purple, hold a higher value than more common opals that have a green or blue hue. Pure, fully saturated colours are preferable to pale, less intense ones.
Pure blues are desirable and attractive, and the least costly of the black opals because of their relative abundance. The shades range from milky blue to deep sapphire blue and a stunning electric blue.
Blue–black opals are superb as pearl clasps, with the deep royal blue contrasting vividly with the silvery lustre of the pearls.
A small amount of green occurring in an otherwise blue opal greatly increases its value.
Clear intense greens over a dark background are very beautiful. Most of the black opals mined are green, green-blue, or blue and hence they form a very important section of the market.
A conspicuous orange component occurring in an otherwise green stone raises its value considerably.
This is rarely found in black opals as a clear lemon yellow. It is usually a golden colour combined with a pale orange or green.
This is a very desirable colour, second only to the red tones, and occurs in only a small percentage of all black opals. When the orange is rich, deep and saturated, and especially when it is predominant and associated with small amounts of red and green, it becomes a high quality and valuable gem.
The various tones of red, from magenta through scarlet to crimson, are the most sought-after colours and include a lovely burgundy red, which has great appeal. A saturated scarlet to crimson colour play over a completely black base, devoid of greyish component, yields the famous “red on black” which is visually quite startling, and is the finest and rarest black opal.
When “red on black” combines in a pleasing way with a minor array of other colours, especially green, orange and blue, it presents the finest and rarest of gems.
This term is used to indicate whether or not an opal, when viewed face on, presents its colour directly to the viewer. The stone’s value is less if its splendour is visible only from acute angles.
Many fine black opals, especially those with broad flashes of colour, are at their best when viewed from a slight angle. These have special appeal when used as pendants or ring stones.
Brilliance or lustre is the intensity of colour play within the stone. This refers to the amount of light that an opal reflects and the hue it reflects. It is one of the main factors determining the quality of black opals. More valuable opals show brilliant flashes of colour while lesser-quality opals have dull or subdued colours.
In a finest quality black opal this colour play should be clear and crisp, the shades of colour should be distinct and definite, and no cloudiness or film should be present. To assist in judging brilliance, several stones should be compared.
The background or body colour of black opal, over or within which the spectral colours occur, may be mid to dark grey, very dark blue, or can range through to black. Most dark grey opal is correctly referred to as black opal, while those with a mid-grey body colour are known as “semi-black”. An intense black background is the most desirable. However dark grey forms the majority of opal mined, and is readily acceptable.
Black opals are very rare and therefore the most valuable. White opals, the most common opals, often hold less value. Light grey, grey, and semi-black opals fall in the middle in terms of value.
Black opals are famous for the patterns which occur, sometimes in spectacular forms. Many different colour patterns are observed as the gemstone is turned or viewed from different angles. Terms such as harlequin, pinfire and flash, describe the unique interplay of colour in an opal.
- Harlequin — A harlequin pattern is made up of a patchwork of irregular-sized squares of colour.
- Pinfire — A pinfire pattern consists of closely spaced pinpoints or specks of colour.
- Flash — A flash pattern shows broad irregular flashes of colour which change or disappear as the stone is rotated.
Many black opals combine various patterns. People often select names of their own to describe unusual ones.Australian Opal industry at www.grahamblackopal.com